Nondestructive Crack Testing via Infrared Thermal Imaging Using Halogen Lamp Excitation
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摘要: 钢轨安全状态的监测对保证列车的安全运行至关重要，针对钢轨裂纹的检测，本文阐述了几种不同的裂纹检测技术。重点分析了红外热成像检测技术在钢轨裂纹检测中的应用，该检测技术包括外激励加热、红外图像采集以及图像处理三部分。本文将常用激励方式进行了介绍和对比，详细阐述了卤素灯作为激励在裂纹检测中的应用；其次，搭建了基于卤素灯激励的红外热成像检测实验平台；然后，对采集到的红外图像进行增强处理，并提出改进图像处理算法；最后，本文对该技术未来的应用前景做出展望。Abstract: The monitoring of rail safety status is crucial to ensure the safe operation of trains. Aiming at rail crack detection, this study quantitatively compares different crack detection technologies and analyzes the application of infrared thermal imaging technology in rail crack detection. The proposed detection technology comprises three parts: external excitation heating, infrared image acquisition and image processing. Firstly, the common excitation methods are introduced and compared. The application of halogen lamps as excitation sources in crack detection is described in detail. Secondly, a halogen lamp excitation based infrared thermal imaging detection experimental platform is developed. Thirdly, an improved image processing algorithm is proposed to enhance the collected infrared image. Finally, this study discusses the prospects of applying the proposed technology in the future.
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Keywords:
- rail crack /
- infrared thermal imaging /
- excitation /
- image processing
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图 1 卤素灯激励红外热成像检测原理图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of halogen lamp excited infrared thermal imaging detection
表 1 红外检测常用激励方式
Table 1 Common excitation methods of infrared detection
Excitation modes Advantages Disadvantages Scope of application Ultrasonic excitation It is not limited by the shape of the tested object, has the characteristics of selective heating for closed crack defects, and only produces temperature rise in the crack defect area. It belongs to internal excitation and can detect internal micro cracks[13] The excitation effect is greatly affected by the coupling effect and excitation direction, and the mechanical wave vibration may damage the internal interface of the material Defects such as closed cracks on the surface or sub surface of parts with complex shape Laser excitation High energy density, high-intensity energy input to tiny areas Low efficiency and small single excitation area; high energy will lead to thermal stress on the local surface of the material Defect detection of small parts or small areas Halogen lamp excitation It can operate at a higher temperature, with larger excitation area and higher efficiency. In addition, the halogen lamp has the advantages of low cost, long service life, good seismic resistance and easy heat control The detection depth is shallow Rapid detection of surface defects in large areas Pulse excitation It can quickly obtain the original thermal image, and is not sensitive to uneven illumination. Simultaneously, there is no need for reference points Due to the uneven distribution of heat flow on the surface of the test piece, and greatly affected by the reflectivity of the surface of the test piece and the surrounding environmental noise, it is difficult to accurately judge the defects according to the original thermal image of the surface of the test piece [14] Can be used for composite material with defects inside Electromagnetic excitation It is not limited by the shape of the detection image, does not produce mechanical vibration, and will not damage the internal structure of the material Affected by the surface skin effect of induced current, the excitation depth is shallow Surface and subsurface defect detection of with high-conductivity materials 
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