Design of LWIR Continuous Zoom Optical System with Variable Diaphragm
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摘要:
非制冷长波连续变焦光学系统由于相对孔径大导致小型化和无热化设计困难，本文采用可变光阑约束物镜尺寸压缩系统总长，实现长波640×512非制冷连续变焦光学系统轻小型化设计。通过材料合理配置及主动补偿实现5片透镜的8.5×连续变焦光学系统消热设计。该系统F#恒定1.2、工作波段为8~12 μm、视场变焦范围为30°×24°~3.5°×2.8°、系统总长187.5 mm，该连续变焦光学系统重量轻、总长短、透过率高、在－40℃~+60℃温度范围全视场成像质量良好。
Abstract:Miniaturization and athermalization design of uncooled long-wave infrared (LWIR) continuous zoom optical systems is difficult given the large relative aperture. The lightweight and miniaturization design of an LWIR continuous zoom optical system with an uncooled focal plane array detector for 640×512 pixels was realized by restraining the object lens size and total length of the system by using a variable diaphragm. Through reasonable material configuration and an active compensation method, the athermalization design of a continuous zoom optical system with a zoom ratio of 8.5 and five lenses was achieved. The system F number is constant at 1.2, the spectral range is 8 μm to 12 μm, the field of view (FOV) ranges from 30°×24° to 3.5°×2.8°, and the total length of the system is 187.5 mm. This optical system exhibits light weight, short total length, and high transmittance. Within the temperature range of -40℃ to +60℃, the optical system affords good image quality in the full field of view during zooming.
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图 1 正组补偿连续变焦光学系统原理图
Figure 1. Principle diagrams of continuous zoom optical system with mechanical compensation
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图 8 连续变焦光学系统畸变图
Figure 8. Optical distortion diagrams of continuous zoom optical system
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图 9 二元面位相、周期与元件直径的关系
Figure 9. Relationship of phase and periods with diameter of the binary optical element
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图 11 连续变焦光学系统高低温下传函图
Figure 11. MTF curves of continuous zoom optical system at high and low temperatures
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图 12 连续变焦光学系统高低温下点列图
Figure 12. Spot diagrams of continuous zoom optical system at high and low temperatures
表 1 探测器参数
Table 1 Parameters of detector
Detector VOx Array scale 640×512 Pixel size/μm 12 NETD/mK ≤40 Spectral response/μm 45518 Thermal response/ms 10 Working temperature/℃ -40 to 80 
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表 2 光学系统设计指标
Table 2 Parameters of optical system design
Working waveband/μm 8 to 12 Zoom ratio 8.5:1 Field of view/° 30×24 to 3.5×2.8 F# 1.2 Focal length/mm 14.3 to 125 Transmittance/% > 72 Working temperature/℃ -40 to 60
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表 3 光学系统间隔初始参数
Table 3 Parameters of the optical system
mm Focal length 125 95.67 50.84 24.3 13 f1′/f2′ spacing 78.5 73.97 60.4 37.74 10.6 f2′/f3′ spacing 12.08 20.95 42.8 72.52 104 f3′/f4′ spacing 37.58 33.24 24.9 17.9 13.6
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