基于硅锗材料低成本中波红外光学系统无热化设计

贺磊; 王仁浩; 侯彬; 司红利; 杨克君; 胡海力

基于硅锗材料低成本中波红外光学系统无热化设计

1.
哈尔滨新光光电科技股份有限公司，黑龙江哈尔滨 150080
2.
火箭军装备部驻哈尔滨地区军事代表室，黑龙江哈尔滨 150080
3.
哈尔滨工业大学航天学院，黑龙江哈尔滨 150001

详细信息

作者简介:
贺磊（1981-），男，吉林省吉林市人，高级工程师，主要从事光学系统设计、光学导引头设计与研制等方面的研究。E-mail：helei3024@126.com

中图分类号: TH741
计量
- 文章访问数: 420
- HTML全文浏览量: 71
- PDF下载量: 149
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-26
- 修回日期: 2022-05-10
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-19

Athermalization Design of a Low-cost Medium-wave Infrared Optical System Based on Si/Ge Material

1.
Harbin XinGuang Photoelectric Technology Co. Ltd., Harbin 150080, China
2.
Military Representative Office of Rocket Army Equipment Department in Harbin Area, Harbin 150080, China
3.
Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Astronautics, Harbin 150001, China

摘要

摘要: 为实现中波制冷红外导引头的低成本、无热化设计，采用两轴框架式总体布局方式，基于硅锗光学材料，利用一次成像3片式光学结构（Si-Ge-Si），选用斯特林制冷型面阵规模640×512像素尺寸为15 μm的中波红外探测器作为接收器件，设计一种高分辨率低成本中波制冷红外成像制导光学系统，并实现了宽温范围内的无热化设计。设计结果表明，光学系统焦距为55 mm，视场大小为10°×8°，在33 lp/mm处，轴上0视场的调制传递函数（Modulation Transfer Function，MTF）不低于0.6，轴外0.7视场传递函数不低于0.40，畸变小于1%，冷光阑效率100%。同时，结合整流罩进行针对性优化设计，系统冷反射现象基本消除，在－40℃~+70℃温度范围内具有良好的成像效果。光学系统结构简单，易加工装校，良品率高。经实测样机，光学系统成像质量优良，各项性能指标满足技术指标要求。
- 低成本 /
- 无热化 /
- 中波红外 /
- 高分辨率
Abstract: To realize the low-cost and athermalization design of medium-wave infrared seekers, a high-resolution medium-wave infrared imaging guidance optical system with infrared imaging guidance was designed with low-cost and wide-temperature-range athermalization. The general layout is a two-axis frame; the system chooses one imaging configuration with three pieces of lenses based on Si/Ge material. The detector chooses a Stirling-cooled 640 pixel×512 pixel detector with the pixel size of 15 μm. The prototype design results show that the optical system focal length is 100 mm, field size is 10°×8° at 33 lp/mm, the axis view of the modulation transfer function (MTF) is not less than 0.6, 0.7 field of the off-axis modulation transfer function (MTF) is not less than 0.40, the system distortion is less than 1%, and the efficiency of the cold stop is 100%. Moreover, the narcissus of the system is almost elimination based on pertinence optimization design with fairing. In the temperature range of -40 to 70℃, good image effect was realized. The optical system has the advantages of a simple structure, ease of processing and adjustment, and high yield rate; the imaging quality of the optical system is excellent, and the performance indexes meet the technical specifications.
- low-cost /
- athermalization /
- medium-wave infrared /
- high resolution

HTML全文

图 1 两轴框架式导引头结构示意图

Figure 1. Two axis frame seeker structure

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 光学系统图

Figure 2. Layout of optical system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 二元面面型

Figure 3. The binary surface

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 20℃时MTF曲线

Figure 4. MTF curves at 20℃

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 －40℃时MTF曲线

Figure 5. MTF curves at －40℃

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 +70℃时MTF曲线

Figure 6. MTF curves at +70℃

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 光学系统场曲和畸变

Figure 7. The curvature of field and distortion in optical system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 三维分析模型

Figure 8. Layout of analysis model

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 像面非相干照度灰度图

Figure 9. Detector image incoherent irradiance grayscale

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 像面非相干照度曲线（X、Y）

Figure 10. Detector image incoherent irradiance curve (X, Y)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 公差分析曲线

Figure 11. Tolerance analysis curves

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 精密装校后的光学系统

Figure 12. Optical system after precision calibration

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 实测MTF曲线图

Figure 13. The measured MTF curves

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 实测畸变曲线图

Figure 14. The measured distortion curves

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 光学技术指标

Table 1 Optical technical requirements

Item	Value
Response wave band	3.7~4.8μm
Focal length	55 mm
FOV	10°×8°
F#	2
Distortion	≤1%
Detector resolution	640×512
Pixel size	15 μm×15 μm
Working temperature	-40℃~+70℃

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 光学镜头参数表

Table 2 The optical lens date

Serial umber	Name	Thickness/ mm	Radius/ mm	Optical material
1	Bow cap	5	110	Sapphire
1	Bow cap	10	105	Sapphire
2	Optical lens 1	7.1	53.05	Silicon
2	Optical lens 1	1.7	135.48	Silicon
3	Optical lens 2	4	172.58	Germanium
3	Optical lens 2	35.8	63.99	Germanium
4	Optical lens 3	4	71.48	Silicon
4	Optical lens 3	10.45	185.22	Silicon

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 不同温度下MTF值（最小值）

Table 3 MTF values at different temperatures (the minimum value)

	Temperature
Field	－40℃	20℃	+70℃
0 Field	0.58	0.62	0.60
0.7 Field	0.45	0.46	0.46
1.0 Field	0.5	0.45	0.46

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 零件加工公差

Table 4 The parts processing tolerance

Serial number	Name	Fringes	Irregularity	Thickness/mm	Decentration/mm
1	Bow cap	±10	±1	±0.1	0.04
2	Optical lens 1	±5	±0.5	±0.03	0.02
3	Optical lens 2	±5	±0.5	±0.03	0.01
4	Optical lens 3	±5	±0.5	±0.03	0.01

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 零件装配公差

Table 5 The parts assembling tolerance

Serial number	Name	Interval/mm	Coaxiality/mm	Tilt/′
1	Bow cap	±0.1	±0.1	5
2	Optical lens 1	±0.03	±0.02	1.7
3	Optical lens 2	±0.03	±0.02	1.7
4	Optical lens 3	±0.03	±0.02	1.7

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(18)

[1]	杨胜杰. 高分辨率制冷型中波广角红外成像系统的光学设计[J]. 光学学报, 2012, 32(8): 0822003. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GXXB201208028.htm YANG Shengjie. Optical design for high resolution cooled mid-wavelength infrared wide-angle system[J]. Acta Ootical Sinica, 2011, 32(8): 0822003. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GXXB201208028.htm
[2]	李富栋. 机载红外搜索跟踪系统的现状与发展[J]. 激光与红外, 2008, 38(5): 409-412. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5078.2008.05.001 LI Fudong. Status and development of airborne IRST systems[J]. Laser & Infrared, 2008, 38(5): 409-412. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5078.2008.05.001
[3]	Fonti S, Solazzo S, Blanco A, et al. An infrared zoom for space applications[J]. Planetary and Space Science, 2000, 48(5): 523-528. DOI: 10.1016/S0032-0633(00)00025-8
[4]	赵坤, 李升辉. 双孔径红外变焦光学系统设计[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2013, 42(11): 2889-2893. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2276.2013.11.004 ZHAO Kun, LI Shenghui. Optical design of dual aperture infrared zoom optical system[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2013, 42(11): 2889-2893. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2276.2013.11.004
[5]	邓键, 李锐钢, 邓显池, 等. 折反式红外镜头的无热化研究[J]. 应用光学, 2014, 35(1): 147-149. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YYGX201401031.htm DENG Jian, LI Ruigang, DENG Xianchi. Athermalizing mirror-lens infrared optical system[J]. Journal of Applied Optical, 2014, 35(1): 147-149. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YYGX201401031.htm
[6]	曲贺盟, 张新. 高速切换紧凑型双视场无热化红外光学系统设计[J]. 中国光学, 2014, 7(4): 623-628. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGGA201404013.htm QU Hemeng, ZHANG Xin. Design of athermalized infrared optical system with high-speed switching and compact dual-FOV[J]. Chinese Optics, 2014, 7(4): 623-628. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGGA201404013.htm
[7]	毛玉星, 胡旭. 红外图像实时处理系统设计[J]. 红外技术, 2003, 25(5): 50-53. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8891.2003.05.013 MAO Yuxing, HU Xu. The design of real-time processing system of infrared image[J]. Infrared Technology, 2003, 25(5): 50-53. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8891.2003.05.013
[8]	薛庆生. 星载大相对孔径宽视场成像光谱仪光学系统设计[J]. 中国激光, 2014, 41(3): 0316003. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JJZZ201403045.htm XUE Qingsheng. Optical system design of large relative-aperture and wide field of view spaceborne imaging spectrometer[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2014, 41(3): 0316003. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JJZZ201403045.htm
[9]	许照东, 刘欣, 董涛. 机载高分辨率连续变焦红外热像仪设计[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2007, 36(5): 619-621. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HWYJ200705011.htm XU Zhaodong, LIU Xin, DONG Tao. Design of airborne high resolution and continuous magnification IR thermal imager[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2007, 36(5): 619-621. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HWYJ200705011.htm
[10]	徐新行, 陈宁, 王兵, 等. 机载紧凑型中波红外相机的设计调[J]. 中国激光, 2014, 41(8): 0816002. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JJZZ201408047.htm XU Xinhang, CHEN Ning, WANG Bing, et al. Design of compact middle-wave infrared camera used on airborne platform[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2014, 41(8): 0816002. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JJZZ201408047.htm
[11]	付强, 张新. 基于硫系玻璃的中波红外光学系统无热化设计[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2015, 44(5): 1468-1471. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HWYJ201505014.htm FU Qiang, ZHANG Xin. Athermalization of the medium-wave infrared optical system based on chalcogenide glasses[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2015, 44(5): 1468-1471. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HWYJ201505014.htm
[12]	宋岩峰, 邵晓鹏, 徐军. 实现复消色差的超常温混合红外光学系统[J]. 物理学报, 2008, 57(10): 6298-6303. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WLXB200810040.htm SONG Yanfeng, SHAO Xiaopeng, XU Jun. Design of a hybrid infrared apochromatic optical system beyond normal temperature[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2008, 57(10): 6298-6303. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WLXB200810040.htm
[13]	杨胜杰. 含高次塑料非球面的头盔微光夜视物镜设计[J]. 电光与控制, 2009, 16(1): 80-83. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DGKQ200901022.htm YANG Shengjie. Object design of helmet mounted night vision goggles with high order plastic aspherical surfaces[J]. Electronics Optics & Control, 2009, 16(1): 80-83. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DGKQ200901022.htm
[14]	Jamieson T H. Thermal effects in optical systems[J]. Opt. Eng. , 1981, 20(2): 156-160. http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?articleid=1229053
[15]	贺磊, 张建隆, 杨振, 等. 一种小型化滚-仰式长波红外光学系统设计[J]. 红外技术, 2018, 40(12): 1142-1148. http://hwjs.nvir.cn/article/id/hwjs201812005 HE Lei, ZHANG Jianlong, YANG Zhen, et al. Design of a small rolling-pitching long-wave infrared optical system[J]. Infrared Technology, 2018, 40(12): 1142-1148. http://hwjs.nvir.cn/article/id/hwjs201812005
[16]	张以谟. 应用光学[M]. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2010: 491-492. ZHANG Yimo. Journal of Applied Optical[M]. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2010: 491-492.
[17]	张良. 凝视型红外光学系统中的冷反射现象[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2006, 35(z1): 8-11. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HWYJ2006S2002.htm ZHANG Liang. Narcissus in starting infrared optical system[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2006, 35(z1): 8-11. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HWYJ2006S2002.htm
[18]	张建隆, 潘鑫, 贺磊, 等. 全视角高精度三维测量仪光学系统误差分析研究[J]. 应用光学, 2018, 39(3): 392-399. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YYGX201803018.htm ZHANG Jianlong, PAN Xin, HE Lei, et al. Error analysis of optical system for full view and high precision three-dimensional measuring instrument[J]. Journal of Applied Optics, 2018, 39(3): 392-399. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YYGX201803018.htm