Near-infrared Image Colorization Method Based on a Dilated Global Attention Mechanism
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摘要: 针对目前卷积神经网络未能充分提取图像的浅层特征信息导致近红外图像彩色化算法存在结果图像局部区域误着色及网络训练不稳定导致结果出现模糊问题，提出了一种新的生成对抗网络方法用于彩色化任务。首先，在生成器残差块中引入自行设计的空洞全局注意力模块，对近红外图像的每个位置理解更加充分，改善局部区域误着色问题；其次，在判别网络中，将批量归一化层替换成梯度归一化层，提升网络判别性能，改善彩色化图像生成过程带来的模糊问题；最后，将本文算法在RGB_NIR数据集上进行定性和定量对比。实验表明，本文算法与其他经典算法相比能充分提取近红外图像的浅层信息特征，在指标方面，结构相似性提高了0.044，峰值信噪比提高了0.835，感知相似度降低了0.021。Abstract: A new generative adversarial network method is proposed for colorization of near-infrared (NIR) images, because current convolutional neural networks fail to fully extract the shallow feature information of images. This failure leads to miscoloring of the local area of the resultant image and blurring due to unstable network training. First, a self-designed dilated global attention module was introduced into the generator residual block to identify each position of the NIR image accurately and improve the local region miscoloring problem. Second, in the discriminative network, the batch normalization layer was replaced with a gradient normalization layer to enhance the network discriminative performance and improve the blurring problem caused by the colorized image generation process. Finally, the algorithms used in this study are compared qualitatively and quantitatively using the RGB_NIR dataset. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm can fully extract the shallow information features of NIR images and improve the structural similarity by 0.044, PSNR by 0.835, and LPILS by 0.021 compared to other colorization algorithms.
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红外无损检测技术是一门跨学科、跨应用领域的创新性无损检测技术，具有非接触、检测速度快、检测精度与分辨率高、可靠性高等突出优点，已被广泛应用于航空、航天、风电、石化、电力等领域的工业材料与装备检测。近年来，人工智能、计算机科学、电子信息等科学技术的快速发展，不仅推动红外无损检测技术取得了巨大进步，也促使红外无损检测技术向着多样化、智能化、集成化等方向发展。
为了促进我国红外无损检测技术的创新发展，2023年10期，《红外技术》推出了“红外无损检测新技术”专栏，共收录7篇学术论文，内容涉及红外热成像技术在FRP复合材料热障涂层无损检测应用中的研究现状与进展，超声激励红外热成像研究现状与进展，基于YOLO v5的带涂层钢结构亚表面缺陷脉冲涡流热成像智能检测，基于脉冲红外热成像技术的锂电池端盖焊接质量检测，线激光扫描热成像无损检测参数仿真研究，滚动轴承红外热成像故障诊断与状态监测等，涉及内容广泛。旨在集中反映报道红外无损检测技术的最新动态和发展趋势，为我国相关科研人员和广大读者提供学术参考，为红外无损检测技术的创新发展提供一些新思路和新手段。
最后，感谢专栏论文所有作者和各位审稿专家的卓越贡献。
——郑凯 -
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图 4 空洞全局注意力机制模块网络结构
Figure 4. The network architecture of dilated global attention mechanism module
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图 8 各个算法对比结果：(a) 近红外图像；(b) Deoldify[22]结果；(c) Wei[23]结果；(d) In2i[24]结果；(e) CycleGAN算法[7]结果；(f) 本文算法结果；(g) 可见光图像
Figure 8. Comparison results of each algorithm: (a) NIR images; (b) Deoldify[22] results; (c) Wei [23] results; (d) In2i[24] results; (e) CycleGAN[7] Results; (f) Our method results; and (g) Visible images
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图 9 消融实验一对比算法结果：(a) 近红外图像；(b) 实验一结果；(c) 实验二结果；(d) 实验三结果；(e) 实验四结果；(f) 可见光图像
Figure 9. Results of ablation exp.1 comparison algorithm: (a) NIR images; (b) Exp.1 results; (c) Exp.2 results; (d) Exp.3 results; (e) Exp.4 results and (f) Visible images
表 1 指标对比
Table 1 Comparison of indicators
Algorithm Ranch image Mountain image Statue image SSIM PSNR/dB LPIPS SSIM PSNR/dB LPIPS SSIM PSNR/dB LPIPS Deoldify[22]] 0.718 17.088 0.447 0.781 16.682 0.451 0.844 17.397 0.450 Wei[23] 0.743 17.533 0.419 0.699 16.054 0.354 0.705 17.316 0.377 In2i[24] 0.823 16.987 0.371 0.703 18.271 0.435 0.759 17.746 0.362 CycleGAN[7] 0.715 19.787 0.341 0.867 20.738 0.326 0.831 17.681 0.222 Our method 0.832 21.531 0.324 0.904 20.271 0.310 0.835 18.974 0.219 
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表 2 消融实验一指标比对
Table 2 Comparison of ablation experiment 1 metrics
Street Football Building IS FID IS FID IS FID Exp.1 8.263 14.824 7.263 10.942 9.823 14.234 Exp.2 9.072 13.495 8.752 10.234 9.102 11.293 Exp.3 8.273 11.293 9.528 11.293 10.583 14.245 Exp.4 9.210 10.056 9.473 9.351 11.973 10.248
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