Abstract: The complexity of practical optical systems, environmental conditions, equipment, lighting sources, and challenges in traditional image matching significantly affect the accuracy of binocular disparity calculations, complicating their effective validation. To address these issues, this study proposes a modeling and simulation method to assess the impact of different structured light patterns on the accuracy of binocular disparity calculations and designs a simulation system. In the simulation system, a sphere is modeled, and the small sphere model is illuminated with different patterned structured lights such as points, grid lines, and horizontally and vertically striped patterns. The local disparity Block Matching (BM) algorithm and semi-global disparity matching Semi-Global Block Matching (SGBM) algorithm are used to calculate the disparity of the small sphere under the four aforementioned structured light textures. The obtained disparity information is then used for depth calculation to obtain the estimated radius of the small sphere. The accuracy differences are analyzed by partitioning the estimated depth region of the sphere. The experimental results show that this simulation method and depth region partitioning approach are effective and feasible. Additionally, compared with other illumination patterns, the horizontally striped surface structured light exhibits superior reliability and stability. Moreover, as the spatial frequency of the horizontal striped surface structured light texture increases, the measurement accuracy of the small sphere's radius shows a upward trend.