Abstract: This study systematically reviews research progress in the measurement of infrared radiation characteristics of aircraft targets, focusing on three key aspects: infrared radiation measurement calibration techniques, infrared radiation modeling of aircraft targets, and practical measurement cases. It outlines the technological evolution in both domestic and international contexts, identifies critical technical challenges, and forecasts future trends. Based on literature analysis and case studies, the evolution of calibration techniques from traditional blackbody-dependent methods to passive and broadband spectrum approaches is discussed, with high-precision intelligent online calibration proposed as a breakthrough direction. For aircraft infrared radiation sources, this study clarifies the radiation differences between jet-powered and rotorcraft drones, emphasizing that multiscale modeling and multi-physics coupled simulations are pivotal for improving simulation accuracy. By analyzing typical measurement cases, it highlights the role of multiband data fusion and non-cooperative target emissivity inversion in enhancing practical measurement precision. The findings reveal persistent challenges, including insufficient adaptability to complex environments and the absence of standardized modeling frameworks. Future research should prioritize the development of atmospheric transmission correction models for extreme weather conditions, intelligent calibration algorithms, and high-fidelity multispectral simulation systems. By integrating theoretical and applied achievements, this study provides technical references and research directions for infrared stealth design, anti-stealth detection, and aerospace safety.