节流孔孔径对记忆合金自调式制冷器流量稳定性的影响

郭祥祥; 韩蓬磊

节流孔孔径对记忆合金自调式制冷器流量稳定性的影响

华北光电技术研究所，北京 100015

详细信息

作者简介:
郭祥祥（1992-），男，河南洛阳人，工程师，硕士，主要从事焦耳汤姆逊制冷器研究。E-mail：gxxgxx1234@126.com

中图分类号: TB65
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-02
- 修回日期: 2020-10-06
- 刊出日期: 2021-06-19

Effect of Orifice Size on Flow Stability of Shape Memory Alloy Self-Regulated Cryocoolers

North China Research Institute of Electro-Optics, Beijing 100015, China

摘要

摘要: 本文通过理论计算和实验研究对不同节流孔孔径的记忆合金自调式制冷器流量稳定性进行了分析。理论计算表明：当制冷器受到相同扰动因素影响时，节流孔孔径越小的制冷器，流量越稳定；流量变化量随节流孔孔径增大呈线性增长趋势。实验研究中，制作了孔径分别为0.15 mm和0.25 mm的记忆合金自调式制冷器，将疲劳测试和振动测试作为扰动因素，对制冷器在29 MPa和22 MPa的流量进行测试，结果显示，孔径为0.15 mm的制冷器流量方差明显小于0.25 mm的制冷器。理论和实验研究均表明，缩小节流孔孔径的设计有助于提高记忆合金自调式制冷器的流量稳定性。
- 制冷器 /
- 记忆合金 /
- 节流孔 /
- 流量 /
- 稳定性
Abstract: The flow stability of shape memory alloy (SMA) self-regulated cryocoolers with different orifice sizes is analyzed via theoretical calculation and experimental study. The theoretical calculation demonstrates that the smaller the orifice diameter, the more stable is the flow rate when the cryocoolers are influenced by the same disturbance factors. The change in flow rate increases linearly with the increase in orifice diameter. In the experimental investigation, two types of SMA self-regulated cryocoolers, equipped with 0.15 mm and 0.25 mm orifices, respectively, were developed. Fatigue and vibration tests were introduced as disturbance factors. The flow rates of cryocoolers were evaluated at 29 and 22 MPa. The results show that the cryocoolers with a 0.15 mm orifice have smaller flow rate variance than those with a 0.25 mm orifice. Both the theoretical and experimental results verified that narrowing the diameter of the orifice is conducive to the flow stability of SMA self-regulated cryocoolers.
- cryocoolers /
- shape memory alloy (SMA) /
- orifice /
- flow rate /
- stability

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图 1 记忆合金自调式制冷器结构图

Figure 1. The sketch of a SMA self-regulated cryocooler

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图 2 节流孔和阀针结构示意图

Figure 2. The sketch of the orifice and needle

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图 3 流量变化量和节流孔孔径的关系

Figure 3. The correlation between flow rate variation and orifice diameter

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图 4 流量变化量和调试流量的关系

Figure 4. The correlation between flow rate variation and adjusting flow rate

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图 5 疲劳测试实验台

Figure 5. Experimental platform for fatigue test

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图 6 振动测试实验台

Figure 6. Experimental platform for vibration test

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图 7 功能振动功率谱密度

Figure 7. Functional vibration power spectral density

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图 8 质量流量计

Figure 8. Mass flow meter

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表 1 节流孔孔径对流量稳定性影响算例

Table 1 Example of the influence of orifice diameter on flow stability

Orifice diameter/mm	Setup flow rate/(g/min)	Distance of needle into orifice at setup flow rate/mm	Distance of needle into orifice after disturbance/mm	Flow rate after disturbance/(g/min)	Flow rate variation/(g/min)
0.10	14.61	0.1634	0.1534	21.07	6.46
0.11	14.61	0.1840	0.1740	21.80	7.19
0.12	14.61	0.2042	0.1942	22.52	7.91
0.13	14.61	0.2242	0.2142	23.23	8.62
0.14	14.61	0.2439	0.2339	23.94	9.33
0.15	14.61	0.2635	0.2535	24.65	10.04
0.16	14.61	0.2829	0.2729	25.35	10.74
0.17	14.61	0.3022	0.2922	26.05	11.44
0.18	14.61	0.3214	0.3114	26.74	12.13
0.19	14.61	0.3406	0.3306	27.44	12.83
0.20	14.61	0.3597	0.3497	28.14	13.53
0.21	14.61	0.3787	0.3687	28.83	14.22
0.22	14.61	0.3977	0.3877	29.52	14.91
0.23	14.61	0.4166	0.4066	30.22	15.61
0.24	14.61	0.4356	0.4256	30.91	16.30
0.25	14.61	0.4544	0.4444	31.60	16.99

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表 2 调试流量对流量稳定性影响算例

Table 2 Example of the influence of adjusting flow rate on flow stability

Orifice diameter/mm	Setup flow rate/(g/min)	Distance of needle into orifice at setup flow rate/mm	Distance of needle into orifice after disturbance/mm	Flow rate after disturbance/(g/min)	Flow rate variation/(g/min)
0.15	14.61	0.2635	0.2535	24.65	10.04
0.15	15.62	0.2625	0.2525	25.64	10.02
0.15	16.63	0.2615	0.2515	26.63	10.00
0.15	17.64	0.2605	0.2505	27.63	9.99
0.15	18.64	0.2595	0.2495	28.62	9.97
0.15	19.65	0.2585	0.2485	29.60	9.96
0.15	20.65	0.2575	0.2475	30.59	9.94
0.15	21.65	0.2565	0.2465	31.58	9.93
0.15	22.65	0.2555	0.2455	32.56	9.91
0.15	23.65	0.2545	0.2445	33.54	9.89

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表 3 0.15 mm节流孔制冷器流量数据

Table 3 Flow rate data of cryocoolers with 0.15 mm orifice

Cryocooler number	Setup flow rate/(g/min)		Flow rate after fatigue test/(g/min)		Flow rate after vibration test /(g/min)
Cryocooler number	29 MPa	22 MPa	29 MPa	22 MPa	29 MPa	22 MPa
A1	17.35	14.16	15.61	11.4	16.75	15.07
A2	16.47	12.32	16.9	14.3	15.73	14.57
A3	16.5	13.25	16.18	14.6	15.89	13.87
A4	16.15	12.38	14.32	11.83	11.92	8.13
A5	16.45	13.66	17.17	15.7	18.04	15.1
A6	15.16	11.85	16.45	13.95	16.19	13.56
A7	15.84	13.35	15.04	13.11	16.07	12.9
A8	16.67	12.36	18.07	14.75	17.99	14.05
A9	15.44	13.68	15.19	13.01	16.06	15.34

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表 4 0.25 mm节流孔制冷器流量数据

Table 4 Flow rate data of cryocoolers with 0.25 mm orifice

Cryocooler number	Setup flow rate/(g/min)		Flow rate after fatigue test/(g/min)		Flow rate after vibration test /(g/min)
Cryocooler number	29 MPa	22 MPa	29 MPa	22 MPa	29 MPa	22 MPa
B1	16.63	12.33	15.1	12.1	17.13	13.56
B2	15.28	12.97	15.9	10.54	15.84	9.89
B3	17.8	14.43	17.91	11.07	18.33	12.32
B4	15.35	11.67	16.4	13.34	16.17	13.57
B5	16.92	15.3	14.31	11.61	21.42	18.87
B6	16.32	14.6	17.2	13.41	21.13	17.23
B7	17.87	15.33	16.66	14.12	16.42	13.89
B8	15.19	13.3	19.4	17.4	12.41	5.77
B9	16.77	14.62	16.77	14.62	18.04	15.46

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表 5 0.15 mm/0.25 mm孔径制冷器流量方差

Table 5 Flow rate variance of cryocoolers with 0.15 mm and 0.25 mm orifice

Cryocooler number	Flow rate variance under 29 MPa	Flow rate variance under 22 MPa	Cryocooler number	Flow rate variance under 29 MPa	Flow rate variance under 22 MPa
A1	1.6938	4.2229	B1	1.29545	0.7829
A2	0.3662	4.4915	B2	0.349	7.69565
A3	0.2373	1.1035	B3	0.1465	7.87085
A4	10.6209	9.1825	B4	0.88745	3.19945
A5	1.5233	3.1176	B5	13.53105	13.1805
A6	1.3625	3.6671	B6	11.95525	4.1665
A7	0.3465	0.1301	B7	1.7833	1.76885
A8	1.8512	4.2841	B8	12.72625	36.75545
A9	0.2235	1.6023	B9	0.80645	0.3528
Avarage	2.6932	3.5335	Avarage	4.8311	8.4192

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