飞行员夜视镜的人机工效分析及效能提升方法

袁有志; 宋建华; 董保根; 侯志刚; 王诗薇; 杨默远; 张丹

飞行员夜视镜的人机工效分析及效能提升方法

1.
北京航空工程技术研究中心, 北京 100076
2.
云南北方光电仪器有限公司, 云南昆明 650114

详细信息

作者简介:
袁有志（1982-），男，工程师，主要研究方向为航空人机工效。E-mail: yuanyouzhi@163.com

通讯作者:
王诗薇（1991-），女，博士，主要研究方向为人工智能及夜视成像技术。E-mail:wangshiwei_124@163.com

中图分类号: R857.13
计量
- 文章访问数: 166
- HTML全文浏览量: 40
- PDF下载量: 58
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-29
- 修回日期: 2021-10-25
- 刊出日期: 2022-12-19

Ergonomic Analysis of Pilot's Night Vision Goggles in Operational Use and Performance Improvement

1.
Beijing Aviation Engineering Technology Research Centre, Beijing 100076, China
2.
Yunnan North Optoelectronic Instrument Co. LTD., Kunming 650114, China

摘要

摘要: 飞行员夜视镜在未来夜间空战中将会发挥越来越重要的作用，但是佩戴夜视镜飞行也带来诸多安全问题和人机工效问题。为保证飞行员佩戴夜视镜的飞行安全，同时提高夜视作战效能，改善和提升飞行员夜视镜的人机工效是重要途径之一。本文分析了飞行员使用夜视镜时的存在的典型人机工效问题，从夜视镜设备性能改进、人员训练以及使用环境与时机3个方面给出了效能提升建议，为提高飞行员佩戴夜视镜飞行安全性、高效性和舒适性提供适用性的解决方案。
- 飞行员夜视镜 /
- 夜视兼容 /
- 人机工效
Abstract: Pilots' night vision goggles will play an increasingly important role in future night air combats. However, wearing night vision goggles will also lead to many safety and ergonomic problems. To ensure the flight safety of pilots wearing night vision goggles and to improve night vision combat effectiveness, it is important to enhance the ergonomics of pilots' night vision goggles. This study analyzes the typical ergonomic problems of pilots when they use night vision goggles and provides suggestions for efficiency improvement from three viewpoints: performance enhancement of night vision goggles, personnel training, and use of environment and opportunity. We provide a feasible solution to improve the safety, efficiency, and comfort of pilots wearing night vision goggles.
- pilot’s night vision goggles /
- night vision compatibility /
- ergonomics

HTML全文

低照度成像技术是解决低光照（具体指0.1 lux以下）环境获取视频图像的技术。按照是否包含真空系统，低照度成像器件主要分为三类：第一类是利用外光电效应的真空光电子成像器件，比如基于多碱材料体系的超二代微光像增强器、基于GaAs材料体系的三代微光像增强器；第二类是利用内光电效应的固体成像器件，比如基于硅材料体系的电子倍增CCD（EMCCD）/CMOS（EMCMOS）和低照度CMOS成像器件、基于Ⅲ-Ⅴ族InP/InGaAs材料体系的短波红外InGaAs探测器等；第三类是结合真空和固体器件优势的混合型成像器件，如电子轰击CCD（EBCCD）、电子轰击有源像素CMOS器件的EBAPS。为促进我国低照度成像技术尤其是新一代昼夜通用高灵敏度图像传感器EBAPS的发展，2024年10期，《红外技术》推出了“低照度成像技术”专栏，共收录6篇学术论文，其中2篇文章以EBAPS为主题，1篇综述了EBAPS的研究进展，另1篇提出连通域检测算法筛选高亮噪点区域和异常像素点自适应中值替代的离散系数测试方法并研制了EBAPS闪烁噪声系统；与此形成对照的是1篇微光像增强器的闪烁噪声测试方法，结合了离散系数与Harris角点检测；1篇片上集成偏振单元的EMCCD器件，还有2篇聚焦于低照度图像处理方法。专栏旨在为我国相关科研人员和广大读者提供学术参考，为低照度成像技术的创新发展提供一些新思路和新手段。

最后，感谢各位审稿专家和编辑的辛勤工作。

——王岭雪

图 1 夜视兼容的座舱照明^[16]

Figure 1. Night vision compatible cockpit lighting^[16]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 典型场景的夜视镜观察图像

Figure 2. Night vision goggles observation image of typical scenes

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 微光像增强器的光谱响应曲线^[32]

Figure 3. Spectral response of low light level image intensifier^[32]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 大视场夜视镜^[33]

Figure 4. Panoramic night vision goggles^[33]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 月相和照度对照

Table 1 Moon phase and illumination comparison table

Phase of the moon Illuminance

Full moon 2×10^-1 lx

¾ moon 1×10^-1 lx

½ moon 5×10^-2 lx^-1−1×10^-1 lx

¼ moon 1×10^-2 lx

No moon(starlight) 1×10^-3 lx

下载: 导出CSV

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