基于自由曲面双波段离轴三反光学系统的优化设计

杨旭; 李艳红; 张远健; 朱大略; 张智强

基于自由曲面双波段离轴三反光学系统的优化设计

1.
吉林东光精密机械厂, 吉林长春 130033
2.
长春理工大学光电工程学院, 吉林长春 130022

详细信息

作者简介:
杨旭（1990-），男，助理工程师，研究方向：先进光学设计与光学制造。E-mail：547114803@qq.com

中图分类号: O435
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- 文章访问数: 79
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-25
- 修回日期: 2022-01-25
- 刊出日期: 2022-11-20

Optimal Design of Dual-Band Off-Axis Three-Reflection Optical System Based on Free-form Surface

1.
Ji Lin Dong Guang Factory of Precision and Machinery, Changchun 130033, China
2.
Changchun University of Science and Technology, School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Changchun 130022, China

摘要

摘要: 在航空遥感领域中，双波段光学系统是最具代表性的光学系统。与单一波段光学系统相比，双波段系统可以同时探测到背景信号和目标信号，从而获得更准确的信息。采用离轴反射系统这一方案与折射系统相比，在满足更长焦距的同时，又能实现光学系统小型化的目标。本文提出一种基于自由曲面的反射系统作为设计蓝本，能够获得如下优点：视场角更大，光路容易折叠，系统成像质量高，能够达到高分辨率成像以及系统的轻量化设计。本文采用动态光学理论对系统初始结构进行求解并通过对系统元件的倾斜与偏移计算获得离轴系统，系统引入自由曲面获得更加优质的成像质量。系统参数如下：焦距为2000 mm，相对孔径为1/2，视场角为6°×1°，工作波段为3~5 μm与8~12 μm，选用法国Sofradir公司生产的红外双色焦平面阵列非制冷型探测器；设计结果表明，加入自由曲面后系统的成像质量得到了明显改善，系统在整个工作波段内MTF值在14 lp≥0.3。
- 双波段系统 /
- 动态光学 /
- 离轴反射系统 /
- 自由曲面 /
- 轻量化设计
Abstract: In the field of aviation remote sensing, the two-band optical system is the most representative optical system. The dual-band system can detect both the background signal and the target signal to obtain more accurate information compared to a single-band system. Compared with the off-axial reflection system, the optical system is miniaturized while satisfying a longer focal length. Simultaneously, choosing the reflection system of a free surface as the blueprint of telefocal length system design has several advantages, including a large field of view angle, easy optical road folding, and a high system imaging quality, and can achieve high-resolution imaging and light weight design of the system. The system was added to the free-form surface for better image quality. The effective focal length of the system is 2000 mm, the relative aperture is 1/2, the field of view is 6°×1°, and the working bands are 3-5 μm and 8-2 μm. The selected model is the LA6110 non-refrigeration type detector. The design results show that the free-form surface can greatly improve the imaging quality of the system, and the modulation transfer function in the whole field of view can achieve a modulation transfer function greater than 0.3 at 14 lp/mm.
- dual-bandsystem /
- dynamic optical theory /
- off-axis reflection /
- free-form surface /
- light weight design

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图 1 彗差的中心和像散的两个零点

Figure 1. The center of coma and two zeros of astigmatism

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图 2 彗差和像散的校正

Figure 2. Correction of coma and astigmatism

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图 3 两种离轴三反系统结构形式

Figure 3. Two kinds of off-axis system

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图 4 优化后系统结构简图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of optimized system structure

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图 5 系统传递函数

Figure 5. Dual band MTF of the system

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图 6 中波波段与长波波段系统点列图

Figure 6. Spot diagram of medium wave band and long wave band system

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图 7 系统灵敏度

Figure 7. System sensitivity analysis

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图 8 系统公差分析

Figure 8. System tolerance analysis

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表 1 Zernike多项式与像差关系

Table 1. Relationship between Zernike polynomials and primary aberrations

Number of terms	Standard zenick multinomial	Seidel aberration
Z₁	1	Parallel
Z₃	rcos(θ)	Distortion-Tilt (x－axis)
Z₃	rsin(θ)	Distortion-Tilt (x－axis)
Z₄	r²cos(2θ)	Primary astigmatism (0° or 90° axis)
Z₅	2r²－1	Defocus-curvature of field
Z₆	r²sin(2θ)	Primary astigmatism (±45° axis)
Z₇	r³cos(3θ)	Primary clover (x－axis)
Z₈	cos(θ)(3r³－2r)	Primary coma (x－axis)
Z₉	sin(θ)(3r³－2r)	Primary coma (y－axis)

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表 2 系统设计要求

Table 2. System design requirements

System parameters	Relevant parameter
Work band/μm	3-5，8-12
focal length/mm	2000
F-number	2
angle of field/°	6×1
Probe image element dimensions/μm	30×30
Modulation Transfer function requirements	14 lp≥0.3

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表 3 基于动态光学理论计算的初始结构结果

Table 3. Details of the initial structure matrix calculation result

System parameters	r₁	r₂	r₃	d₁	d₂	l
Parameter values	-2130	-600	-1000	2100	-2105	1200

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表 4 系统参数

Table 4. System parameters index

Mirror	Surface type	Radius/mm	Thickness/mm	Conic
Primary mirror	A spherical	-2367.661	-1065.700	-0.821
Secondary mirror	Zernike polynomial	-639.103	1181.794	-5.285
Third mirror	A spherical	-1036.150	-1074.884	-0.119

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表 5 次镜泽尼克自由曲面系数

Table 5. Zenike polynomial coefficients of secondary mirror

Item	Coefficient	Item	Coefficient	Item	Coefficient
Z₁	-1.639	Z₆	0.076	Z₁₁	-0.205
Z₂	-0.246	Z₇	-0.271	Z₁₂	-0.027
Z₃	-0.241	Z₈	-0.285	Z₁₃	-0.013
Z₄	-0.463	Z₉	-0.155	Z₁₄	0.046
Z₅	-0.116	Z₁₀	0.212	Z₁₅	0.319

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表 6 光学系统公差值

Table 6. Optical system tolerance value

Definition	Tolerance value	Definition	Tolerance value
radius of curvature	±2mm	quadratic aspherical coefficients	±0.01
The surface is irregular	±0.1	Main mirror 4th aspherical coefficient	±1e-10
airspace	±2mm	Main mirror 6th aspherical coefficient	±1e-16
Main mirror tilt	±0.01	Main mirror 8th aspherical coefficient	±1e-18
The main mirror eccentric	±0.5	Main mirror 10th aspherical coefficient	±1e-24
Sub-mirror tilt	±0.003	Three-mirror 4th nonspherical coefficient	±1e-9
The second mirror eccentric	±0.2	Three-mirror 6th aspheric coefficient	±1e-14
Third mirror tilt	±0.003	Three-mirror 8th aspheric coefficient	±1e-17
Third mirror eccentric	±0.2	Three-mirror 10th aspheric coefficient	±1e-23

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