Abstract: In optical lenses, central deviation is an important indicator that directly affects the imaging quality of optical systems. In addition to indicators such as face inclination angle, spherical center difference, and eccentricity difference for polished finished lenses, optical designers also commonly use coaxiality and perpendicularity to characterize lens central deviation, bringing new challenges to the measurement of lens central deviation. A method based on a double-light path center deviation measuring instrument is proposed, considering existing measurement techniques for face inclination angle, spherical center difference, and eccentricity difference, to measure the coaxiality and perpendicularity of infrared lenses. The factors affecting measurement accuracy, along with the advantages of using coaxiality and perpendicularity to characterize lens central deviation were analyzed. The test results obtained using the proposed method have been recognized by optical designers and are widely used in the processing and production of infrared lenses.