Calculation of Temperature and Radiation Characteristics of Midcourse Ballistic Missiles
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摘要: 中段飞行弹道导弹目标辐射特性对于探测手段选择、传感器设计等具有重要意义。以采用红外隐身技术的弹道导弹为研究对象，考虑表面隐身涂层特性和进出地影的影响，采用有限体积法计算了弹道导弹在整个中段飞行过程中的温度变化；结合导弹自身辐射与太阳、地球辐射光谱，给出了导弹0~15 μm范围内的辐射特性；研究了导弹表面温度和辐射特性的关系，不同表面涂层在光照与地影状态下的探测差异。结果表明，相比于表面温度，涂层光学参数对导弹辐射特性的影响更大，同一涂层的可见光和红外突防效能存在矛盾，可以采用两种探测方法协作，提高探测能力。Abstract: The radiation characteristics of mid-course ballistic missiles are the basis and premise for their detection and identification. Radiation characteristics have an important guiding meaning in the selection of detection methods, sensor design, etc. Taking a ballistic missile with infrared stealth technology as the research object, and considering the factors of stealth coatings and the influence of earth shadows, the temperature and its variation trend are calculated using the finite-volume method. Combining the radiation of the missile with solar and earth radiation spectra, the radiation characteristics are presented within for missile wavelengths ranging from 0–15 μm. The relationship between the surface temperature and the radiation intensity of the missile is studied. The detection differences of different surface coatings under illumination and shadow conditions are discussed. The results show that the optical parameters of the coating have a greater influence on the radiation characteristics of the missile than the surface temperature. There is disagreement between the penetration effectiveness in the visible and infrared wavebands. Visible and infrared detection methods can be used simultaneously to improve detection capability.
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Keywords:
- ballistic missiles /
- radiation characteristics /
- stealth coatings
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图 3 光照状态，导弹0~15 μm波长范围内的光谱辐射强度分布
Figure 3. Spectral radiation intensity distribution of missile within 0-15 μm in illumination
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图 4 导弹迎头方向8~14 μm辐射强度
Figure 4. Infrared radiation of missile in the forward direction within 8-14μm
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图 6 阴影状态，导弹0~15 μm波长范围内的光谱辐射强度分布
Figure 6. Spectral radiation intensity distribution of missile within 0-15 μm in shadow
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图 8 XOY平面内，辐射强度随观察角度变化
Figure 8. Radiation intensity varies with observation angle in XOY plane
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图 9 YOZ平面内，辐射强度随观察角度的变化
Figure 9. Radiation intensity varies with observation angle in YOZ plane
表 1 几种涂层材料可见光吸收率及红发射率[17]
Table 1 Solar absorptance and IR emissivity of several coating materials
Numbers Paints αS εIR αS/εIR No.1 White paint 0.19 0.94 0.2 No.2 Polyester resin 0.17 0.5 0.34 No.3 Aluminum silicon paint 0.25 0.28 0.89 No.4 Grey paint 0.87 0.87 1 No.5 Aluminum paint 0.54 0.45 1.2 No.6 Graphite paint 0.782 0.49 1.6 No.7 Aluminum foil 0.192 0.036 5.33 
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