Abstract: The operational range is a crucial metric for evaluating the performance of infrared burst-point testing equipment in firing ranges. To measure this metric accurately, we propose a method to validate the operational range of infrared burst-point testing equipment on firing ranges. First, the effects of the environment and target characteristics on imaging are analyzed using atmospheric transmittance, background radiation energy, and energy radiated by the target. Secondly, the operational range of the equipment is analyzed in terms of the apparent size and visual illuminance of the target on the target plane as well as the imaging signal-to-noise ratio. Through this analysis, we determined that a 35 mm tracerless shell yields an imaging size on the target plane greater than 3×2 pixels at a distance of 3 km, with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 7, which satisfies the requirements for target extraction. Simulation experiments were conducted to verify the influence of the imaging size of the target and the signal-to-noise ratio on the accuracy of target centroid extraction. The results showed that when the circular imaging radius was 2 pixels and the signal-to-noise ratio was greater than 5, the target positioning accuracy was better than 0.1 pixels. When the circular imaging radius was 3 pixels and the signal-to-noise ratio was greater than 3, the target positioning accuracy was also better than 0.1 pixels. Finally, a simulation test was designed to verify that the operational range of the infrared burst-point testing equipment on the firing range meets the indicated requirement in terms of a range of no less than 3 km.