Analysis and Example of Operating Range Calculation Method for Point Target in Infrared System
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摘要: 红外系统的作用距离参数是表征红外系统成像性能的重要指标。目前，红外系统作用距离的计算方法有多种，但都有其各自的适用性和局限性，因此需要考虑不同条件下多种因素对作用距离的影响。本文基于探测能量、基于噪声等效温差（NETD）的和基于对比度的3种点目标探测的作用距离模型，发现在不同条件下应用的局限性。当观测目标为人时，基于NETD的模型计算作用距离为8.74 km，与外场实验数据更为接近。而当观测目标为飞机时，基于能量的模型计算作用距离为32.04 km，与外场实验数据更为接近。结果表明，针对不同特征的目标，选取适当的作用距离计算方法有助于提高系统作用距离估算的准确度。Abstract: The operating range parameter of an infrared system is an important index for characterizing its imaging performance. At present, there are many methods to calculate the operating distance of infrared systems, but they all have their own applicability and limitations. It is necessary to consider the influence of various factors on the operating distance under different conditions. In this study, based on the detection energy, noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD), and contrast, we found limitations under different conditions. When the observation target was a human, the calculated operating distance based on the NETD model was 8.74 km, which is closer to field experimental data. When the observation target was an aircraft, the calculated operating distance based on the energy model was 32.04 km, which is also closer to field experimental data. These results show that, according to the different characteristics of the target, selecting the appropriate calculation method for the operating distance is helpful in improving the accuracy of the system operating distance estimation.
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Keywords:
- infrared system /
- operating range /
- point target /
- NETD /
- contrast
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低照度成像技术是解决低光照（具体指0.1 lux以下）环境获取视频图像的技术。按照是否包含真空系统，低照度成像器件主要分为三类：第一类是利用外光电效应的真空光电子成像器件，比如基于多碱材料体系的超二代微光像增强器、基于GaAs材料体系的三代微光像增强器；第二类是利用内光电效应的固体成像器件，比如基于硅材料体系的电子倍增CCD（EMCCD）/CMOS（EMCMOS）和低照度CMOS成像器件、基于Ⅲ-Ⅴ族InP/InGaAs材料体系的短波红外InGaAs探测器等；第三类是结合真空和固体器件优势的混合型成像器件，如电子轰击CCD（EBCCD）、电子轰击有源像素CMOS器件的EBAPS。为促进我国低照度成像技术尤其是新一代昼夜通用高灵敏度图像传感器EBAPS的发展，2024年10期，《红外技术》推出了“低照度成像技术”专栏，共收录6篇学术论文，其中2篇文章以EBAPS为主题，1篇综述了EBAPS的研究进展，另1篇提出连通域检测算法筛选高亮噪点区域和异常像素点自适应中值替代的离散系数测试方法并研制了EBAPS闪烁噪声系统；与此形成对照的是1篇微光像增强器的闪烁噪声测试方法，结合了离散系数与Harris角点检测；1篇片上集成偏振单元的EMCCD器件，还有2篇聚焦于低照度图像处理方法。专栏旨在为我国相关科研人员和广大读者提供学术参考，为低照度成像技术的创新发展提供一些新思路和新手段。
最后，感谢各位审稿专家和编辑的辛勤工作。
——王岭雪 -
表 1 目标作用距离计算结果
Table 1 Target action distance calculation results
Target Human beings Aircraft Emissivity 0.98 0.6 Temperature/K 296 800 Experimental data of typical target in outfield/km 5.6 27.7 Action distance algorithm based on energy/km 10.63 32.04 Distance algorithm based on NETD/km 8.74 38.45 Action distance algorithm based on contrast/km 12.04 46.82 
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