Advance Search
中文

2021 Vol. 43, No. 1

column
  Previous Issue | Next Issue 
Display Method:
Materials & Devices
Experimental Study on Laser-induced Damage to an Uncooled Microbolometer
ZHOU Bing, HE Xuan, LIU Hexiong, LI Bingxuan, ZHANG Junxiang
2021, 43(1): 1-7.
Abstract HTML (208) PDF(77)
Abstract:
Driven by market demand, uncooled infrared bolometer arrays are gradually becoming popular in several fields, and their laser interference has become a major research topic. In this study, based on the structure and working principles of an uncooled microbolometer array, temperature response under laser irradiation is analyzed. An experiment of 10.6 μm continuous laser irradiation of an uncooled polysilicon detector shows that the pixel array enters different damage states. The laser power range and thermal effect mechanism of laser damage are also analyzed. Previous studies have shown that the interference area is larger than the spot area as a result of "heat inversion" and that the influence of laser transmission on the battlefield is equivalent to chopping modulation. T he effects of modulation frequency and duty cycle are also studied. Analytical results show that a continuous laser can achieve a better interference effect on an uncooled microbolometer with a low transmission modulation frequency and large duty ratio.
Fabrication Technology of a Subwavelength Metal Grating Polarizer
YANG Jiangtao, WANG Jianan, WANG Yin, HU Xiao
2021, 43(1): 8-12.
Abstract HTML (92) PDF(55)
Abstract:
Sub-wavelength periodic grating has special characteristics that are lacking in traditional grating. In this study, a flexible double-layer metal grating polarizer is designed and fabricated using a strict coupled wave method. Through nanoimprinting technology, sub-wavelength grating with a period of 278 nm, depth of 110 nm, and duty cycle of 0.5 is prepared on a square polycarbonate (PC). A 70 nm metal aluminum layer is deposited on the fabricated dielectric grating by magnetron sputtering, and a double-layer metal structure is fabricated. A flexible double-layer metal grating polarizer is developed, and the performance of the polarizer is tested using a spectrum measurement system. Experimental results showed that when the wavelength range of the incident light was 350-800 nm, the flexible double-layer grating polarizer had good polarization characteristics. The polarized light transmission efficiency and extinction ratio were as high as high as 48% and 100000, respectively. The manufacturing process involves only nanoimprinting and metal evaporation processes and thus excludes coating, stripping, and etching of the imprint adhesive. Therefore, our method exhibits evident advantages in terms of low-cost and batch production of large-area polarizers and thus can be widely used in the manufacturing process of semiconductor optoelectronic devices such as optical-detection and optoelectronic devices.
Image Processing ang Simulation
Image Fusion Based on NSCT and Minimum-Local Mean Gradient
YANG Sunyun, XI Zhenghao, WANG Handong, LUO Xiao, KAN Xiu
2021, 43(1): 13-20.
Abstract HTML (77) PDF(34)
Abstract:
To address the problems of low contrast, detail loss, and target blur in the fusion of traditional infrared and visible images, this study uses the idea of non-subsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) to improve the weight function and fusion rules and thus develops a new fusion algorithm to realize the effective fusion of infrared and visible images. First, NSCT is used to decompose infrared and visible images at multiple scales to obtain the corresponding low-and high-frequency coefficients. Then, the improved minimization and local mean gradient rules are used to fuse the low- and high-frequency coefficients, respectively, and thus to obtain the corresponding optimal fusion coefficient. The obtained fusion coefficient is then converted via an NSCT inverse transformation to obtain the final fused image. Finally, a public dataset is used to compare the proposed algorithm with the other five algorithms. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm are verified under the constraints of seven performance evaluation indices having practical significance.
Nonuniformity Correction of Infrared Scene Simulator Based on DMD
XIAO Wenjian, XU Zhenling, ZHOU Xuanfeng
2021, 43(1): 21-25.
Abstract HTML (56) PDF(55)
Abstract:
The nonuniformity of an infrared scene simulator based on a digital micro-mirror device(DMD) is one of the major factors affecting its performance, and it must be corrected to satisfy the application requirements of the simulation testing of infrared imaging equipment in complex environments. The nonuniformity correction flow of an infrared scene simulator based on a DMD was investigated in detail. A method for measuring the nonuniformity of a variable scale sparse grid was used to fit the test conditions better. Offline data processing based on linearization and segmentation correction was introduced, and real-time nonuniformity correction based on online table lookup was adopted. The simulation shows that the nonuniformity can be reduced to approximately 0.5% by the variable scale sparse grid measurement and real-time nonuniformity correction. The infrared scene quality of the infrared scene simulator based on a DMD improved significantly.
CSS-SIFT Composite Image Registration Algorithm
LI Peihua, ZHANG Sheng, LIU Yuli, QIAN Mingsi
2021, 43(1): 26-36.
Abstract HTML (150) PDF(37)
Abstract:
To address the time-consuming problem of image registration in the scale-invariant feature transform(SIFT) algorithm, a curvature scale space (CSS)-SIFT composite image registration algorithm is proposed in this paper. First, the CSS-SIFT algorithm uses the CSS algorithm to extract image features. Image feature descriptors are then generated and reduced by the optimized SIFT algorithm. Finally, an optimized two-way matching algorithm based on Euclidean and Manhattan distances is used for matching.A simulation experiment is conducted using simulation software, and six parameters of index data are employed, including the number of image features, number of matches, number of correct matches, registration accuracy, registration time, and registration time decline rate. Statistical results show that the CSS-SIFT algorithm performs as well as the following algorithms in terms of accuracy of image registration: traditional SIFT, traditional speeded-up robust features, Forstern-SIFT, Harris-SIFT, and Trajkovic-SIFT. In addition, time-consumption of image registration is reduced by 58.45%, 10.68%, 14.84%, 16.21%, and 4.63%, respectively, thus providing an effective solution for image registration.
Recognition Algorithm for an Infrared Flame Detector Based on an Improved Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Radial Basis Function Neural Network
FENG Hongwei, LIU Yuanyuan, WEN Ziteng, TAN Yong
2021, 43(1): 37-43.
Abstract HTML (256) PDF(41)
Abstract:
To address the data loss, distortion, and saturation of a single non-flame channel that may occur in a three-band infrared flame detector, a robust fusion algorithm for flame recognition based on a radial basis function (RBF) neural network entailing an improved Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) model is proposed in this paper. In this algorithm, the number of fuzzy rules required by the model is determined by a clustering algorithm. The membership degree of the feature component is added to the subsequent fuzzy polynomial to generate node output, and the weighted fuzzy node activation degree and feature characterization coefficient are defined to replace the Markov distance (fuzzy rule applicability) of the original model. Through the design of a three-band flame detector and routine and robustness experiments, it is shown that the proposed model significantly improves the number of nodes, convergence speed, accuracy, generalization ability, and robustness as compared with those of the traditional T-S model RBF neural network and genetic algorithm-back propagation models.
Infrared Image Denoising Algorithm Based on a Rough Set Approach
WANG Jia, ZHOU Yongkang, HU Jianchuan, PAN Chao, LI Zemin, ZENG Bangze, ZHAO Deli
2021, 43(1): 44-50.
Abstract HTML (286) PDF(117)
Abstract:
With respect to the complexity and variety of infrared image noise, it is necessary to consider the detailed enhancement of images while suppressing noise. Accordingly, this study developed an infrared image denoising algorithm using the rough set theory. Collected infrared images were first layered by guided filtering. Then, further multi-dimensional stratification was conducted using the rough set theory, and output images were obtained through merging and restoration. Compared with a subjective observation and an objective evaluation index, the algorithm was effective in infrared image denoising and helped to enhance weak and small target details. In addition, the algorithm showed low complexity and good real-time performance. It thus has good application prospects in engineering implementations.
IMAGE PROCESSING AND SIMULATION
Application of Deep Learning in Abnormal Insulator Infrared Image Diagnosis
FAN Peng, FENG Wanxing, ZHOU Ziqiang, ZHAO Chun, ZHOU Sheng, YAO Xiangyu
2021, 43(1): 51-55.
Abstract HTML (178) PDF(53)
Abstract:
Because of the effects of the background environment and data volume, the accuracy and efficiency of abnormal defects in traditional infrared images of insulators are generally low. In this study, a deep-learning anomaly diagnosis method is proposed. Based on the improved faster region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) method, a detection network is built to test different types of insulators. Results show that compared with the back propagation neural network and faster R-CNN methods, the proposed method can diagnose abnormal defects of insulators efficiently with a mean average precision of 90.2%. In addition, the diagnostic accuracy of single type Ⅰ and type Ⅴ insulators is higher than that of double type Ⅰ insulators. The results can provide a reference for insulator defect identification in transmission lines.
SYSTEMS & DESIGNS
Design of Field-Effect Transistor Quenching Circuit for Geiger-Mode Avalanche Photodiodes
SHI Xiangdong, LAI Xiaoyan
2021, 43(1): 56-59,78.
Abstract HTML (586) PDF(120)
Abstract:
The avalanche photodiode (APD) is a photosensitive component commonly used in devices employed in the field of laser detection. In this study, a field-effect transistor quenching circuit is designed for a Geiger-mode (Gm)-avalanche photodiode for detecting avalanche effects. First, a circuit model of a Gm-APD was established based on the characteristics of a traditional Gm-APD device. Second, based on this model, afield-effect transistor quenching circuit was simulated to confirm the rapid quenching of the Gm-APD. Results indicated that the field-effect transistor quenching circuit in this study exhibited a high quenching speed, a short dead time, and improved performance. The quenching and death times were 21.026 and 16.5 ns, respectively, which meet the application requirements of laser ranging imaging.
SURVEY & REVIEW
Research Review of 3D Cameras Based on Time-of-Flight Method
WEI Jiali, QU Huidong, WANG Yongxian, ZHU Junqing, GUAN Yingjun
2021, 43(1): 60-67.
Abstract HTML (217) PDF(156)
Abstract:
The time-of-flight (TOF)-based 3D camera is a new stereo imaging device with a small size, small error, strong anti-interference ability, and direct output of depth information. This type of camera has become a focus of research in the field of measurement and imaging. In this Review, the development history and measurement principle of the TOF camera are introduced. Subsequently, an analysis of the source and type of measurement error of the camera are presented. A comparison of the TOF technology with other mainstream 3D imaging technologies is then provided. Finally, the application and development trends of the TOF camera are described.
REFRIGERATION
Weight Analysis of Influencing Factors of Clearance Seal Leakage in Stirling Cryocoolers
XU Anbo, CHEN Xiaoping, LI Haolan, SUN Hao
2021, 43(1): 68-72.
Abstract HTML (61) PDF(66)
Abstract:
In this study, the weight analysis of the influencing factors of clearance seal leakage of Stirling cryocoolers was conducted based on the concentric annular gap flow theory. Influencing factors, including sealing gap height, length, pressure difference, motor speed, clearance diameter, and piston stroke, were determined. Through an orthogonal test, 32 sets of mathematical models were established, and the leakages of different seal clearances were analyzed based on the numerical simulation method of computational fluid dynamics. The simulation results were processed using variance analysis, and indicated that the clearance thickness exhibited the most significant influence on the leakage of a Stirling refrigerator. Pressure difference, sealing gap length, piston stroke, and motor speed exhibited a lower influence, where as clearance diameter demonstrated a minimal impact on leakage. This study provides a reference for the design of a Stirling cryocooler clearance seal to reduce leakage.
GUIDANCE & COUNTERMEASURE
Radiation Interference Characteristics of Sub-pixel Fire Points on Infrared Early Warning Satellite
LI Wenjie, YAN Shiqiang, SONG Chang, WU Yahong, WANG Chengliang, OU YANG Yan
2021, 43(1): 73-78.
Abstract HTML (75) PDF(47)
Abstract:
The sub-pixel fire point is the radiation interference source of the infrared early warning satellite (IEWS). Based on the derivation of the radiation intensity equation of the fire pixel, the radiation intensity of fire point pixels in the 2.55-2.85 (m and 4.19-4.48 (m wavebands under different conditions are numerically calculated, and the factors affecting the radiation characteristics of the fire pixel are analyzed. We compared and analyzed the radiation characteristics of the tail flame of the Titan IIIB rocket andverifiedthe actual fire data. The results showed that the sub-pixel fire points in 2.55-2.85 (m and 4.19-4.48 (m wavebands can cause radiant interference to IEWS. Moreover, the radiation characteristics of the rocket tail flames were different in that most fire pixels showed stronger radiation intensities in the 4.19-4.48 (m waveband. The results can provide theoretical support for improving the ability of IEWS to resist the interference of fire-point radiation.
IR APPLICATIONS
Irradiation Characteristics of Point-shaped Far-Infrared Emission Source and Combination
SHAN Shaoqi, WU Jinmin, WEN Yaxin, LI Biansheng, GUO Xiaoxue, LI Yuming, RUAN Zheng, LI Dandan, WU Zidong
2021, 43(1): 79-88.
Abstract HTML (130) PDF(38)
Abstract:
In this study, the far-infrared radiation characteristics of three materials and the effects of different metals on far-infrared radiation were explored. The study used the point-shaped far-infrared emission source as a research object to examine the different influencing factors and power density distribution regulation of the point-shaped far-infrared source. Results indicated that the far-infrared sintered material exhibited the highest power density, followed by the ceramic and glass materials. Factors that affected the power density of far-infrared materials were identified as the quality, irradiated area, and metal cover. The power density of the point-shaped far-infrared source increased with temperature, and the wavelength corresponding to the maximum power density was approximately λ=6-10 μm. The power density of the point-shaped far-infrared emission source was distributed in a radial manner. In the range of the vertical distance L=0-3 cm and radius r=0-1 cm, the far-infrared power density attenuation rate was low and was designed accordingly. In addition, a mathematical model of power density E and normal distance L was established. Based on these factors, we designed a far-infrared emitter combination model with a uniform field energy. Results revealed that the field energy of this model was evenly distributed to achieve the desired effect.
Intrinsically Safe Infrared Thermometer for Belt Conveyors
ZHANG Lidong, MIAO Changyun, LI Zhenyu, LIU Yi
2021, 43(1): 89-95.
Abstract HTML (132) PDF(36)
Abstract:
In order to solve the problems of accuracy and poor reliability of the belt conveyor temperature detector in coal mines, this paper proposes a design scheme for the intrinsically safe infrared thermometer of the belt conveyor. The hardware is designed using MLX90614 infrared sensor and STM32F103C8T6 processor; on Keil 5.14 development platform, the software is designed in C language. And conducted experiments, the results show that the infrared thermometer has a temperature range of (20℃-380℃, high resolution, accurate temperature measurement, temperature measurement accuracy of ±0.5℃, non-contact measurement, not easy to damage, high reliability, can be widely used in coal, mines, ports, electric power, metallurgy, chemical industry and other fields.

Copyright © 《Infrared Technology》Editorial Office京ICP备000000000号-1

Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd