可变冷光阑红外探测器研究进展和关键技术分析

孙鸿生; 陈晓屏; 夏明; 陈军; 黄一彬; 甘游宇; 李淑芬

可变冷光阑红外探测器研究进展和关键技术分析

昆明物理研究所, 云南昆明 650223

详细信息

作者简介:
孙鸿生（1990-），男，工程师，博士研究生，主要从事红外探测器杜瓦研究工作。E-mail: 1565014246@qq.com

通讯作者:
夏明（1977-），男，博士，研究员，主要从事斯特林制冷机研究。E-mail: 15969586435@163.com

中图分类号: TN215
计量
- 文章访问数: 35
- HTML全文浏览量: 15
- PDF下载量: 21
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-02-22
- 修回日期: 2023-04-10
- 刊出日期: 2024-04-20

Research Progress and Key Technology Analysis of Variable Cold Aperture Infrared Detector

Kunming Institute of Physics, Kunming 650223, China

摘要

摘要: 为了进一步提高红外变焦光学系统的性能，兼顾其空间分辨率和灵敏度的要求，基于可变冷光阑技术的制冷型变F数红外探测器需求迫切。相较于传统的红外变焦光学系统，变F数红外变焦光学系统可在大视场和小视场切换时保持分辨率和灵敏度的平衡，提高光学系统的孔径利用率，进而缩小光学系统的径向尺寸，有利于红外光学系统成像质量的提升和小型化设计。本文对变F数与变焦之间的关系进行研究，概述了国内外在可变冷光阑红外探测器技术领域的研究进展，并对主流技术路线的关键技术难点进行了分析。
- 红外探测器 /
- 可变冷光阑 /
- 变F数 /
- 变焦
Abstract: Variable F/number-cooled infrared detectors, which are based on variable cold aperture technology, are urgently needed because they can improve the performance of zoom infrared optical systems and consider both spatial resolution and sensitivity. Compared with the traditional zoom infrared optical system, the variable F/number zoom infrared optical system can balance the resolution and sensitivity when the system switches between large and minimum scales. Furthermore, the variable F/number zoom infrared optical system can improve the aperture utilization rate of the optical system and reduce its radial dimensions, which is beneficial for improving the imaging quality and miniaturization design of the infrared optical system. In this paper, we discuss the relationship between the variable F/number and zoom and summarize the research progress in the field of variable cold-aperture infrared detectors. Finally, we analyze the key technical challenges of the mainstream technology approach.
- infrared detector /
- variable cold aperture /
- variable F/ number /
- zoom

HTML全文

图 1 传统变焦红外光学系统的孔径利用率示意图^[6]

Figure 1. Utilization rate of aperture of traditional zoom infrared optical system^[6]

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图 2 25%冷屏效率系统的辐射示意图^[6]

Figure 2. Diagrams showing the ray paths for a 25% cold shielded system^[6]

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图 3 变F数红外光学系统的孔径利用率示意图^[6]

Figure 3. Utilization rate of aperture of zoom infrared optical system with variable F-number^[6]

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图 4 100%冷屏效率系统的辐射示意图^[6]

Figure 4. Diagrams showing the ray paths for a 100% cold shielded system^[6]

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图 5 HALO的双色红外系统^[10]

Figure 5. Double-wave band infrared system of HALO^[10]

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图 6 带可变冷光阑的真空密封结构^[11]

Figure 6. The vacuum enclosure with the variable aperture inside^[11]

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图 7 外置可变光阑与滤光片转盘的集成结构^[11]

Figure 7. The integrated structure of variable-aperture mechanism (VAM) and cold filter wheel^[11]

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图 8 刀片虹膜式可变冷光阑^[12]

Figure 8. Iris blades variable cold aperture^[12]

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图 9 双稳态螺线管驱动的可变冷光阑示意图^[13]

Figure 9. Diagram of a variable cold aperture driven by a bi-stable actuators^[13]

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图 10 雷神公司可变冷光阑杜瓦俯视图^[16]

Figure 10. View of top of variable aperture cold shield installed in sealed tactical dewar from Raytheon^[16]

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图 11 第三代前视红外系统的主要组成部件及系统的实物图^[17]

Figure 11. Key sub-assemblies and components and the photo of fully-integrated 3rd-Generation FLIR Sensor Engine^[17]

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图 12 用于中测杜瓦的可变冷光阑^[18]

Figure 12. Variable cold stop for the test dewar^[18]

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图 13 可变式的固定光阑^[19]

Figure 13. Variable fixed aperture^[19]

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表 1 雷神公司第三代前视红外系统的部分指标^[16-17]

Table 1. Part of technical index of the third generation forward- looking infrared system from Raytheon^[16-17]

Parameter	Value
Formats	640×480
Pixel pitch	20 μm
Band	MW/LW
F/number	F/3 and F/6
Actuation cycles	100000(room temperature)
Actuation cycles	10000(cryogenic temperatures)
The F/# change-time	meet the requirement
Cooling capacity	＞1.5 W@23℃; ＞1 W@71℃(the temperature of FPA is 77 K)
Cooling time	≤10 min@23℃；≤15 min@71℃
Maximum input power	≤75 W@28 V DC
Weight	Approximately 4.0 pound(1814 g)
The size of dewar	Approximately 4.75 inches×2.25 inches×1.75 inches

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