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节流孔孔径对记忆合金自调式制冷器流量稳定性的影响

郭祥祥 韩蓬磊

郭祥祥, 韩蓬磊. 节流孔孔径对记忆合金自调式制冷器流量稳定性的影响[J]. 红外技术, 2021, 43(6): 607-613.
引用本文: 郭祥祥, 韩蓬磊. 节流孔孔径对记忆合金自调式制冷器流量稳定性的影响[J]. 红外技术, 2021, 43(6): 607-613.
GUO Xiangxiang, HAN Penglei. Effect of Orifice Size on Flow Stability of Shape Memory Alloy Self-Regulated Cryocoolers[J]. Infrared Technology , 2021, 43(6): 607-613.
Citation: GUO Xiangxiang, HAN Penglei. Effect of Orifice Size on Flow Stability of Shape Memory Alloy Self-Regulated Cryocoolers[J]. Infrared Technology , 2021, 43(6): 607-613.

节流孔孔径对记忆合金自调式制冷器流量稳定性的影响

详细信息
    作者简介:

    郭祥祥(1992-),男,河南洛阳人,工程师,硕士,主要从事焦耳汤姆逊制冷器研究。E-mail:gxxgxx1234@126.com

  • 中图分类号: TB65

Effect of Orifice Size on Flow Stability of Shape Memory Alloy Self-Regulated Cryocoolers

  • 摘要: 本文通过理论计算和实验研究对不同节流孔孔径的记忆合金自调式制冷器流量稳定性进行了分析。理论计算表明:当制冷器受到相同扰动因素影响时,节流孔孔径越小的制冷器,流量越稳定;流量变化量随节流孔孔径增大呈线性增长趋势。实验研究中,制作了孔径分别为0.15 mm和0.25 mm的记忆合金自调式制冷器,将疲劳测试和振动测试作为扰动因素,对制冷器在29 MPa和22 MPa的流量进行测试,结果显示,孔径为0.15 mm的制冷器流量方差明显小于0.25 mm的制冷器。理论和实验研究均表明,缩小节流孔孔径的设计有助于提高记忆合金自调式制冷器的流量稳定性。
  • 图  1  记忆合金自调式制冷器结构图

    Figure  1.  The sketch of a SMA self-regulated cryocooler

    图  2  节流孔和阀针结构示意图

    Figure  2.  The sketch of the orifice and needle

    图  3  流量变化量和节流孔孔径的关系

    Figure  3.  The correlation between flow rate variation and orifice diameter

    图  4  流量变化量和调试流量的关系

    Figure  4.  The correlation between flow rate variation and adjusting flow rate

    图  5  疲劳测试实验台

    Figure  5.  Experimental platform for fatigue test

    图  6  振动测试实验台

    Figure  6.  Experimental platform for vibration test

    图  7  功能振动功率谱密度

    Figure  7.  Functional vibration power spectral density

    图  8  质量流量计

    Figure  8.  Mass flow meter

    表  1  节流孔孔径对流量稳定性影响算例

    Table  1.   Example of the influence of orifice diameter on flow stability

    Orifice diameter/mm Setup flow rate/(g/min) Distance of needle into orifice at setup flow rate/mm Distance of needle into orifice after disturbance/mm Flow rate after disturbance/(g/min) Flow rate variation/(g/min)
    0.10 14.61 0.1634 0.1534 21.07 6.46
    0.11 14.61 0.1840 0.1740 21.80 7.19
    0.12 14.61 0.2042 0.1942 22.52 7.91
    0.13 14.61 0.2242 0.2142 23.23 8.62
    0.14 14.61 0.2439 0.2339 23.94 9.33
    0.15 14.61 0.2635 0.2535 24.65 10.04
    0.16 14.61 0.2829 0.2729 25.35 10.74
    0.17 14.61 0.3022 0.2922 26.05 11.44
    0.18 14.61 0.3214 0.3114 26.74 12.13
    0.19 14.61 0.3406 0.3306 27.44 12.83
    0.20 14.61 0.3597 0.3497 28.14 13.53
    0.21 14.61 0.3787 0.3687 28.83 14.22
    0.22 14.61 0.3977 0.3877 29.52 14.91
    0.23 14.61 0.4166 0.4066 30.22 15.61
    0.24 14.61 0.4356 0.4256 30.91 16.30
    0.25 14.61 0.4544 0.4444 31.60 16.99
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  调试流量对流量稳定性影响算例

    Table  2.   Example of the influence of adjusting flow rate on flow stability

    Orifice diameter/mm Setup flow rate/(g/min) Distance of needle into orifice at setup flow rate/mm Distance of needle into orifice after disturbance/mm Flow rate after disturbance/(g/min) Flow rate variation/(g/min)
    0.15 14.61 0.2635 0.2535 24.65 10.04
    0.15 15.62 0.2625 0.2525 25.64 10.02
    0.15 16.63 0.2615 0.2515 26.63 10.00
    0.15 17.64 0.2605 0.2505 27.63 9.99
    0.15 18.64 0.2595 0.2495 28.62 9.97
    0.15 19.65 0.2585 0.2485 29.60 9.96
    0.15 20.65 0.2575 0.2475 30.59 9.94
    0.15 21.65 0.2565 0.2465 31.58 9.93
    0.15 22.65 0.2555 0.2455 32.56 9.91
    0.15 23.65 0.2545 0.2445 33.54 9.89
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  0.15 mm节流孔制冷器流量数据

    Table  3.   Flow rate data of cryocoolers with 0.15 mm orifice

    Cryocooler number Setup flow rate/(g/min) Flow rate after fatigue test/(g/min) Flow rate after vibration test /(g/min)
    29 MPa 22 MPa 29 MPa 22 MPa 29 MPa 22 MPa
    A1 17.35 14.16 15.61 11.4 16.75 15.07
    A2 16.47 12.32 16.9 14.3 15.73 14.57
    A3 16.5 13.25 16.18 14.6 15.89 13.87
    A4 16.15 12.38 14.32 11.83 11.92 8.13
    A5 16.45 13.66 17.17 15.7 18.04 15.1
    A6 15.16 11.85 16.45 13.95 16.19 13.56
    A7 15.84 13.35 15.04 13.11 16.07 12.9
    A8 16.67 12.36 18.07 14.75 17.99 14.05
    A9 15.44 13.68 15.19 13.01 16.06 15.34
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  0.25 mm节流孔制冷器流量数据

    Table  4.   Flow rate data of cryocoolers with 0.25 mm orifice

    Cryocooler number Setup flow rate/(g/min) Flow rate after fatigue test/(g/min) Flow rate after vibration test /(g/min)
    29 MPa 22 MPa 29 MPa 22 MPa 29 MPa 22 MPa
    B1 16.63 12.33 15.1 12.1 17.13 13.56
    B2 15.28 12.97 15.9 10.54 15.84 9.89
    B3 17.8 14.43 17.91 11.07 18.33 12.32
    B4 15.35 11.67 16.4 13.34 16.17 13.57
    B5 16.92 15.3 14.31 11.61 21.42 18.87
    B6 16.32 14.6 17.2 13.41 21.13 17.23
    B7 17.87 15.33 16.66 14.12 16.42 13.89
    B8 15.19 13.3 19.4 17.4 12.41 5.77
    B9 16.77 14.62 16.77 14.62 18.04 15.46
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  0.15 mm/0.25 mm孔径制冷器流量方差

    Table  5.   Flow rate variance of cryocoolers with 0.15 mm and 0.25 mm orifice

    Cryocooler number Flow rate variance under 29 MPa Flow rate variance under 22 MPa Cryocooler number Flow rate variance under 29 MPa Flow rate variance under 22 MPa
    A1 1.6938 4.2229 B1 1.29545 0.7829
    A2 0.3662 4.4915 B2 0.349 7.69565
    A3 0.2373 1.1035 B3 0.1465 7.87085
    A4 10.6209 9.1825 B4 0.88745 3.19945
    A5 1.5233 3.1176 B5 13.53105 13.1805
    A6 1.3625 3.6671 B6 11.95525 4.1665
    A7 0.3465 0.1301 B7 1.7833 1.76885
    A8 1.8512 4.2841 B8 12.72625 36.75545
    A9 0.2235 1.6023 B9 0.80645 0.3528
    Avarage 2.6932 3.5335 Avarage 4.8311 8.4192
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2020-09-03
  • 修回日期:  2020-10-07
  • 刊出日期:  2021-06-20

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