Design and Analysis of All Aluminum Alloy Optical Mechanical Structure of Space Cameras
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摘要: 提高光机结构的温度适应性对空间相机降低热控难度、提升系统稳定性具有重要意义。根据统一材料结构可以消除系统热差的原理，选用铝合金材料对某可见光波段空间相机的光机结构进行了设计，并完成了实际工况下的工程分析，达到了在20℃±15℃均匀温度变化与不同方向重力耦合状态下，像质均满足MTF（modulation transfer function）在71.4 lp/mm处大于0.3的成像指标。采取常用的不同材料搭配方案进行对比分析，相同工况的全铝结构稳定性远优于不同材料方案，验证了统一材料的光机结构在温度适应性方面的优势。Abstract: Improving the temperature adaptability of optical mechanical structures is of great significance for space cameras to improve thermal control and stability of the system. Using a uniform material structure to eliminate thermal variation in the system, the optical and mechanical structure of a space camera in the visible light band is designed with aluminum alloy materials. Under actual working conditions, a uniform temperature of 20℃±15℃ was attained. Modulation transfer function (MTF) is greater than 0.3 at 71.4 lp/mm when the image changes in a different direction to gravity. The typical material matching schemes are comparatively analyzed. The stability of the all-aluminum structure under identical working conditions is far superior to that of structures using different materials, which verifies the effectiveness of the optical and mechanical structure of the unified material in terms of temperature adaptability.
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表 1 全铝结构方案材料属性
Table 1. Material properties of all aluminum structure plan
Material Density/(g·cm−3) Young's modulus/GPa Thermal conductivity/(W·m−1·℃−1) Coefficient of thermal expansion/(10−6·℃−1) Poisson's ratio Al6061 2.7 71 154.3 22.4 0.25 HK9L 2.51 82 1.1 7.1 0.21 
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表 2 不同工况下的对比分析
Table 2. Comparative analysis under different working conditions
Working condition Temperature Load +15℃ +15℃ - - +15℃ +15℃ Gravity Load - - Axial Radial Axial Radial Constraints Free Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Results Δx/mm 4.75e−5 −4.08e−5 −5.62e−7 5.25e−5 −4.32e−5 6.61e−6 Δy/mm 4.74e−5 4.98e−5 6.25e−6 −5.59e−4 7.92e−5 −4.86e−4 Δz/mm −3.09e-2 −3.09e-2 −2.15e−4 5.88e−7 −3.10e-2 −3.08e−2 M1 surface RMS/nm 3.178 23.955 4.103 8.024 25.028 27.576 M2 surface RMS/nm 1.983 1.964 0.592 0.053 2.108 1.984 MTF min 0.463 0.327 0.451 0.436 0.326 0.303
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表 3 梯度温度场中系统参数变化
Table 3. Variation of system parameters in gradient temperature field
ΔT/℃ 5 6 7 8 9 Main mirror surface change RMS/nm 18.490 22.144 25.835 29.526 33.215 Secondary mirror surface change RMS/nm 1.246 1.508 1.757 2.010 2.259 MTF min 0.378 0.345 0.308 0.269 0.228
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表 4 对比方案的两种材料搭配方式
Table 4. Two material matching methods of the comparison scheme
Plans Reflector Lens Supporting structure Connector Weight/kg Plan 1 SiC HK9L SiCp/AL-HT8 Invar 1.85 Plan 2 SiC HK9L ZTC4 Invar 2.36
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表 5 对比方案中材料属性
Table 5. Material properties in comparison scheme
Material Density/(g·cm−3) Young's modulus/GPa Thermal conductivity/ (W·m−1·℃−1) Coefficient of thermal expansion/(10−6·℃−1) Poisson's ratio Invar 8.1 141 13.9 0.05-7.5 0.25 SiC 3.05 33. 185 2.5 0.2 SiCp/AL-HT8 2.94 180 190 8 0.23 ZTC4 4.44 114 8.8 8.9 0.29
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