图  1  夜视镜的技术路线

Figure  1.  Technology roadmap of night vision goggles

图  2  低照度CMOS夜视镜(a) 集成了微光像增器与热成像的融合夜视镜系统AN/PSQ-36^[3] (b) 以及热成像通道关闭（开）^[4] (c)和开启（关）(d) ^[5]时的成像效果

Figure  2.  Low-light-level CMOS night vision goggle (a) AN/PSQ-36 fusion goggle system that combines image intensified night vision with thermal imaging^[3] (b) and the imaging results with thermal imaging ^[4] channel off^[5] (c) and on (d)

图  3  “A看-B打”作战场景^[6]

Figure  3.  "A look-B shoot" combat scenario

图  4  先进精确杀伤武器系统^[7]

Figure  4.  Advanced precision kill weapon system (APKWS)^[7]

图  5  适配APKWS系统的17种发射平台^[8]

Figure  5.  17 launch platforms qualified with APKWS^[8]

图  6  美国陆军的火力体系^[9]

Figure  6.  Munition system of America army^[9]

图  7  陆军配置的夜视镜^[10-12]

Figure  7.  Night vision goggles deployed by army^[10-12]

图  8  堑壕场景：(a) 亚美尼亚士兵在前线的堑壕中^[13]；(b) 阿塞拜疆士兵在前线进入堑壕中^[14]

Figure  8.  Frontline trench scenarios: (a) Armenian soldiers stand guard in a front line trench^[13]; (b) Azerbaijani soldiers moved into a front line trench^[14]

图  9  美军第82空降师伞兵夜间跳伞训练，(a) 从C-17战略运输机尾舱门登机的场景；(b) 到达北卡罗来纳州布拉格堡西西里空降场夜间伞降着陆的场景^[15]

Figure  9.  Paratroopers from the 82nd airborne division training at night: (a) Load onto a U.S. Air Force C-17 Globemaster Ⅲ (b) to conduct combat night jumps over Sicily Drop Zone on Fort Bragg, NC^[15]

图  10  美军第504空降步兵团士兵在Naray市挨家挨户地搜索疑似武装分子和武器^[16]

Figure  10.  The U.S. 504th Parachute Infantry was conducting a house -to-house search for suspected army forces and weapons in the city of Naray^[16]

图  11  低能见度作战场景：士兵借助AN/PAS-13热瞄镜雾气中观察和搜索目标(a)^[17]；雾气引起可见光图像质量下降(b)；热红外辐射能够穿透雾气，获得清晰的目标与背景热图像(c)^[18]

Figure  11.  Low visibility combat scenario (a) The soldiers use AN/PAS-13 thermal sight to observe and search targets in the fog^[17]; (b) Fog degrades the quality of the visible image; (c) Thermal radiation can penetrate through the fog, and achieve clear thermal image of the target and its background^[18]

图  12  2种典型手持热像仪

Figure  12.  Two typical handheld thermal imagers

图  13  法国“索菲”SOPHIE-XF/VGA远距离手持热像仪和目标定位仪^[21]

Figure  13.  SOPHIE-XF/VGA long-range hand-held thermal imager and target locator^[21]

图  14  卡夹式的远距离热瞄镜ThermoSight® HISS-XLR^[22]

Figure  14.  ThermoSight® HISS-XLR clip-on thermal weapon sight^[22]

图  15  AN/PAS-21A（SeeSPOT Ⅲ）便携式热像仪^[23]

Figure  15.  AN/PAS-21A (SeeSPOT Ⅲ) handheld thermal imager^[23]

图  16  AN/PVS-10狙击手夜视镜（左）及其安装于M107狙击步枪（右）^[24]

Figure  16.  AN/PVS-10 Sniper night sight (left) and its deployment at M107 Sniper rifle (right)^[24]

图  17  武器热瞄镜及应用场景^[25-26]

Figure  17.  Weapon thermal sight and its scenarios^[25-26]

图  18  微光夜视瞄准镜（前）与可见光瞄准镜（后）组合使用^[27]

Figure  18.  Cascade of low-level-light night vision sight and riflescope^[27]

图  19  AN/PSQ-20型增强型夜视镜^[28]

Figure  19.  AN/PSQ-20 enhanced night vision goggle^[28]

图  20  架设在大口径机枪上的TRAP-250D遥控武器站^[29]

Figure  20.  Remotely operated weapons platform TRAP-250D with large-caliber mounted rifle^[29]

图  21  XM25榴弹发射器(a)瞄准目标和测距(b) 榴弹在目标上方爆炸^[30-31]

Figure  21.  XM25 grenade launcher (a) Aim and range (b)The grenade exploded over the target ^[30-31]

图  22  德国“短剑”（GLADIUS）未来士兵装置^[32]

Figure  22.  Germany GLADIUS future soldier equipment^[32]

图  23  新型的双目增强夜视镜使用无线传输技术融合武器瞄准镜与士兵佩戴的夜视镜，给士兵呈现增强现实的可见光/微光/热成像视觉^[34]

Figure  23.  New enhanced night vision goggles uses wireless technology to merge the weapon sight with day/night vision, thermal augmented reality to the soldier's view^[34]