Remote Raman Spectroscopy in Natural Environments
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摘要: 拉曼光谱遥测技术主要用于在安全距离之下对一些危险品、违禁品、变质食品等进行现场快速检测。早期拉曼光谱遥测技术大多采用可见光或近红外激光拉曼光谱技术，为了避免环境光影响，常在实验室或夜间进行。近年来，因日盲紫外激光的拉曼光谱检测具有共振效应强、不受环境光干扰、人眼相对安全等诸多特性逐渐开始被广泛应用。本文在分析自然环境下远程拉曼光谱遥测技术基础原理上，归纳了国内外可见光或近红外激光拉曼光谱遥测技术和国内外紫外激光拉曼光谱遥测技术的研究进展和现状，分析了远程紫外激光拉曼光谱应用在反恐、禁毒和食品安全等领域的优势，最后总结了自然环境下拉曼光谱遥测技术的研究难点和发展趋势。Abstract: Remote Raman spectroscopy is used primarily for on-site rapid detection of dangerous goods, contraband, and deteriorated food from a safe distance. Early applications of remote Raman spectroscopy used visible or near-infrared lasers to excite the Raman spectrum. Such experiments were often conducted in the laboratory or at night, to avoid the influence of environmental light. Recently, solar-blind ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy has been widely used because of its advantages compared to visible or near-infrared approaches. Their advantages include a strong resonance effect, lack of interference from ambient light, and relative safety for the human eye. This study reviews the development of remote visible or near-infrared and ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy based on the analysis of the basic principles in natural environments. The advantages of remote ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy in the fields of anti-terrorism, drug control, and food safety are highlighted. The current challenges and development trends in remote Raman spectroscopy in natural environments are summarized.
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Key words:
- solar-blind ultraviolet /
- Raman spectroscopy /
- remote detection /
- natural environment
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图 1 早期拉曼系统示意图（激光器/中继光路未画）
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of early Raman system (The laser and associated optics are not shown)
图 3 夏威夷大学车载远程拉曼光谱检测设备
Figure 3. Photograph of the actual remote Raman system on a trolley made by University of Hawaii
图 4 AOTF和基于AOTF的脉冲激光激发远程单点测量拉曼光谱系统
Figure 4. TeO2 non-collinear AOTF and schematic diagrams of single-point, fiber-coupled, stand-off, pulsed Raman AOTF-based systems
图 6 200 m营房里2g TATP探测结果
Figure 6. Raman spectra of 2g TATP in the barrack, obtained from 200 m distance through the window
图 7 远程便携式拉曼光谱仪结构及北极现场
Figure 7. Structure of remote portable Raman spectrometer in arctic site
图 8 系统原理图和实验室原型远程拉曼系统
Figure 8. Schematic diagram and laboratory prototype of remote Raman system
图 10 检测火山喷气远程拉曼系统结构示意图
Figure 10. Schematic diagram of remote Raman system for detecting volcanic jet
图 11 用于远程化学分析的双组分系统，在目标附近使用了紧凑远程Raman+LIBS系统和远距聚焦透镜(L)。(a)用于分析垂直表面目标和(b)结合折叠镜(M) 用于分析地面化学品目标
Figure 11. A two-component system for remote chemical analysis, which uses a compact remote Raman+LIBS system and a remote focusing lens (L) near the target. (a) For analyzing vertical surface targets and (b) combined with folding mirror (M) for analyzing ground chemical targets
图 12 新型空间外差拉曼光谱仪系统示意图
Figure 12. Schematic diagram of the new Raman spatial heterodyne spectrometer
图 13 高光谱远程拉曼成像结构示意图
Figure 13. Schematic diagram of hyperspectral long-range Raman imaging
图 15 拉曼检测系统结构示意图和系统实物图
Figure 15. Schematic diagram of Raman detection system and photograph of the system
图 16 公安部一所的拉曼光谱检测仪
Figure 16. Raman spectrometer of First Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security
图 18 卓立汉光手持式拉曼光谱仪
Figure 18. Hand-held Raman spectrometer produced by Beijing ZOLIX Instruments Company
图 19 拉曼与荧光光谱（Laser Line为激光发射源）
Figure 19. Raman response and fluorescence spectrum (Laser Line is the response of the laser source)
图 20 早期266 nm紫外远程拉曼系统结构示意图
Figure 20. Schematic diagram of early remote UV(266 nm) Raman system
图 21 紫外拉曼光谱检测系统原理及实验原型
Figure 21. Schematic diagram and prototype of remote UV Raman system
图 22 测量爆炸物拉曼光谱实验装置及通过特氟龙散射获取拉曼反照率方法
Figure 22. Experimental setup and approach for measurement of Raman Albedo using characterized laser return from Teflon surface
图 23 紫外成像拉曼系统原理图和原型系统
Figure 23. Schematic diagram and prototype of the UV standoff Raman imaging system
图 24 远程深紫外拉曼设备(a)及其结构示意图(b)
Figure 24. (a) The standoff Raman apparatus. (b)Sketch of the whole device
图 25 30 cm远的特氟龙紫外拉曼光谱及人眼安全检测距离
Figure 25. Raman spectra of Teflon collected from 30 cm away and eye-safe detection range
图 26 新型近距人体高能物质拉曼光谱探测装置
Figure 26. A new Raman-based apparatus for proximal detection of energetic materials on people
图 27 远程空间外差拉曼光谱仪，平面分束镜和补偿镜(左)与望远系统相连(右)
Figure 27. Schematic of the SHRS with plate beamsplitter and compensator plate (left), coupled to a telescope (right)
图 28 便携式深紫外（DUV）远程拉曼探测仪及其检测结果
Figure 28. Portable stand-off deep-UV(DUP) Raman spectrometer and Raman detecting results
图 29 深紫外拉曼隔离宽场成像光谱仪
Figure 29. Schematic of the standoff deep UV hyperspectral Raman imaging spectrometer
图 30 基于门控拉曼光谱的爆炸物检测系统
Figure 30. Schematic of time-gated stand-off detection system for detecting explosive materials
图 31 紫外共振拉曼三联光谱仪及其组成
Figure 31. Appearance and schematic of UV Raman triple cascade spectrometer
图 32 远程物质LIBS与拉曼探测实验平台
Figure 32. Remote LIBS and Raman detection experimental platform
图 34 紧凑型近端紫外拉曼光谱仪示意图
Figure 34. Schematic diagram of compact near-field ultraviolet Raman spectrometer
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